The Flea by John Donne and The Altar by George Herbert

The Flea by John Donne and The Altar by George Herbert Compare and contrast the The Flea by John Donne and The Altar by George Herbert. The Flea by John Donne, published in 1633, is an erotic metaphysical poem in which the concept of a flea serves as an extended metaphor for the relationship between the speaker and his beloved. In comparison George Herbert’s The Altar, also published in 1633, demonstrates through the conceit of an altar how one should offer himself as a sacrifice to the Lord. This essay will compare and contrast; the poetic techniques, the shape of the poems and the use of meter. This essay will also highlight how these features link in with the main themes of sexual desires, religion and repetition to evoke the meaning of each poem. Both poets present the speaker differently through the use of poetic devices. For example, the metaphysical conceit in The Flea begins when the speaker states ‘And in this flea, our two bloods mingled be’. (4) This metaphor suggests that the speaker believes the mixing of two bloods is similar to the consecration of marriage and this is the argument the speaker sets up to woo his lover. The speaker uses direct address when he says ‘how little that which thou deniest me’. (2) By using the determiner ‘little’ it shows how he is trying to convince his lover of the unimportance of sexual intercourse. In addition, the possessive pronoun ‘me’ suggests he is trying to assert his authority, thus highlighting his sexual desire even more. In complete contrast, the speaker in The Altar is ambiguous as Herbert refers to a ‘servant’, (1) which implies anybody could be speaking it; whether it is the poet, the reader or even a priest, as it seems to be in the form of a prayer. Furthermore, the speaker illuminates they are addressing someone of higher importance as he refers to the ‘Lord’ (1). In addition, the adjective ‘broken’ (1) is an expression of a heartfelt sense of inadequacy and so this further captures Herbert’s meaning to define man’s place before God. It is important to take in to account how Donne and Herbert have a distinct contrast in how they use religion as a theme to evoke the meaning of their poems. Following on from this, Donne uses the general insignificance of a flea to be the primary image of the poem thus revealing his humorous and witty tone; as it contrasts with the act of intercourse, which is of monumental importance to many religious people back in the seventeenth century. Unlike Donne, Herbert uses the conceit of an altar to show how one should offer himself to God. Through his conceit, Herbert highlights the importance of devoting oneself to God, whereas Donne only uses religious imagery in order to win over his lover. In The Flea, the metaphor ‘three lives in one flea spare’ (10) contradicts what the speaker believes to be of unimportance. The speaker tries to manipulate his lover by suggesting she is going against the sanctity of marriage if she kills the flea. The image of ‘three lives’ equates to the three persons of the Holy Trinity; the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. By incorporating this imagery, Donne effectively uses Biblical referenc es to shape his argument and tries to seduce his lover in a crafty manner. However in The Altar, the metaphor ‘A HEART alone / Is such a stone’ (5/6) demonstrates how devout the speaker believes he is without offering himself fully to God. The noun ‘HEART’ is in bold and is placed near the centre of the poem, which illuminates that the heart should be central to what is being done. In addition, this suggests if the heart was to be taken out, the altar would lose its significance. This metaphor also symbolises the fall of Adam in the Garden of Eden; the sin that he committed represents the heart that has died. This again links in with the idea that one should offer himself as a sacrifice to God. Both Donne and Herbert’s poems create an effective visual image with the purpose of linking back to the meaning. The repetition of the shape in The Flea and the indentation of the last three lines of each stanza refer back to this three in one imagery. This repetition suggests a habitual routine that the speaker is a product of as he is determined to persuade his lover to agree in sexual intercourse. Furthermore, the speaker says ‘three lives’ (10) and ‘three sins in killing three’ (18) which are of high importance. This repetition of the three in one imagery suggests each stanza mirrors the concept of the flea, the lover and the speaker or even more importantly the Holy Trinity. In the same way the theme of repetition and religion has come across in The Flea, The Altar also creates a visual impact. Like Donne’s repetition of the shape of the stanzas, Hebert’s poem also repeats the shape of the first four lines with the last four lines. This creates a sense of how the spiritual world will always overrule the material world. The speaker in The Flea gives reference to material things such as sexual intercourse in order to win over his lover. However in the first four lines of The Altar, the speaker gives reference ‘workmans tools’ (4) to suggest that material goods will never be on same level as the spiritual world. Micah Krabill states Herbert has ‘made an external altar for the reader; by approaching the poem, the reader approaches the altar.’ (Krabill, 1998) Following on from this, Herbert purposefully sets the shape of this poem like an altar so that the reader places themselves before God, which links back to Krabill’s statement of how the reader approaches the altar. Herbert gives reference to a ‘broken ALTAR’ (1) which is clever as the poem is in the shape of a broken altar. This evokes the meaning of how the pathway to God is not always easy. Herbert further emphasises the significance of religion when the shape moulds to the centre at ‘A HEART alone’ (5), thus highlighting how the heart is at the centre of the sacrifice given to God. The repetition of the shape of the last four lines links in with the visual shape in The Flea as it suggests the speaker is prepared to offer himself fully at the end of the poem. The meter of each poem are similar in that they fall in to the iambic rhythm, however they create different impacts. The Flea alternates between iambic tetrameter and iambic pentameter for example ‘Though use make you apt to kill me, / Let not to that, self-murder added be’. (16/17) However the last three lines in each stanza alternate between tetrameter for line seven and then pentameter for lines eight and nine. The alternate meter and having three couplets and one triplet in each nine line stanza links back to the idea of the speaker’s manipulative motive and scheming behaviour in order to engage in sexual desires throughout the poem. In comparison with the complexity of his argument, the rhyme scheme follows an aabbccddd pattern in which every last word of each line, with the exception of ‘maidenhead’ (6) and ‘innocence’ (20), all has one syllable. For example, ‘me’, ‘thee’ and ‘three’ all addres s the speaker, his lover and refer back to the three in one imagery. By having one syllable for every word, it links back to the simplicity of what the speaker wants. Like Donne’s poem, The Altar engages in an alternate iambic pentameter and iambic tetrameter for the first two couplets. The poem then changes to iambic dimeter for four couplets and then the last two couplets mirror the alternate meters in the first two couplets. Similarly to The Flea, the alternate meter’s highlight the speaker’s character. The immediate switch from iambic tetrameter to iambic dimeter speeds the pace of the poem up; the middle section illuminates the speaker’s message in how he believes one should offer himself to God. The last couple of iambic dimeter is, ‘Meets in this frame / To praise thy name’ (11/12) which is of high significance. Herbert cleverly uses a punning reference to the ‘frame’ of the poem and also a person’s state of mind. Following on from this, the alternate meter’s also fit in with the visual shape of the poem which is effective as it links in with the metaphysical conceit of an altar that Herbert uses throughout. Both poets use various meter’s to demonstrate either the duplicitous motive of the speaker in The Flea or to strengthen importance of the message in The Altar. Both Donne and Herbert structure their poems effectively using the metaphysical conceits of a flea and an altar to highlight the message that is intended. Without fail, both poets are able to use the shape of their poems and also various meters’ in order to create different impacts upon the reader. The Flea and The Altar are seen as completely different poems due to the erotic and seductive behaviour of the speaker in the first poem, yet the latter is in complete contrast as the speaker addresses God in a respectful and dutiful manner. Nevertheless, both Donne and Herbert highlight similar themes such as sexual desires, religion and repetition in order to bring to light the meaning of both poems effectively. Bibliography Krabill, M. (1998). Visual Metaphor. Interpreting English Literature: Milton, Herbert Donne. Retrieved from http://finneganswake.net/academia/visualmetaphor.html (Accessed 10th March, 2014)

Physical Education in School Essay

In the last ten years, our culture has changes dramatically. Our nation was once a physically active nation, yet now it seems that society discourages physical activity. Everyone knows that physical fitness is important to his or her health. Physical education helps students improve their knowledge about health issues and practices that will lead to a more enjoyable life. Some schools do not require students to participate in physical education classes, but it is important for young kids to stay physically active. The rise of obesity in young children has become a growing concern in America. Physical education should be required every year for all public school students. Some students are physically unable to participate in physical education. I agree that if a student has a note from their doctor that it is fine for them not to participate. All the others should be required to participate though. Their involvement in physical education teaches them about lifelong fitness. While I attended grade school, physical education helped play a valuable role in my life. I became involved in several different sports because of participation in physical education classes. During school we played football games during physical education. In addition, we learned some of the basics of baseball and softball. I played football and baseball for years because of my involvement in physical education classes. After graduation, I still kept the same habits from grade school, by continuing to stay physically active. I participate in softball tournaments occasionally to keep myself in shape. In addition, I try to lift weights four or five days a week. Read more:Â  Physical Education Essay Students who do not participate in physical education more than likely will not be physically active as adults. By not teaching children about physical education, it almost certainly adds to the problem. Some students do not want to participate in physical education because they are worried about sustaining injuries. Their argument is children participating in physical activity are at a higher risk of injury than those who are in academic classes. By not being physically active, a student is at greater risk for sustaining an injury. It is important to stretch and warm up before starting any work out. Students learn this from their participation in physical education class. Stretching helps in developing overall flexibility, particularly in the spine, shoulder, and hip areas. The kind of stretching depends on the type of activity a person plans to engage in. For instance, if one is about to play sports, the recommended kind of stretching would be the ones that mimics the movements of the activity the student engages in. Warming up also helps to avoid injury. To warm up start at a gentle pace, and then slowly increase the pace until the heart rate increases and the body temperature rises. Warming up also helps to loosen up muscles and jump-starts the fluids in the joints. If a student is not required to participate in gym class, they may not be aware of warming up to prevent them from sustaining injuries if they decide to start a workout regimen or any kind of physical activity. Obesity is becoming a concern among young kids now. The Southeast now has a new name. Instead of the Sun Belt, some call the Southeast the diabetes belt. Almost every time I turn on the news there is a story about the rising epidemic of obesity. With teenage obesity as prevalent as it is, it is imperative that physical education classes be mandatory at all grade levels nationwide. The amount of obese youth has steadily risen in the last twenty years. It is an obvious fact that physical education classes, when made mandatory, would help improve the physical health of the youth across America. It is important for the student to learn how to keep ones self in proper physical condition. In addition, by making physical education mandatory for all schools nationwide it will help make the students realize how important it is to stay physically active. Obesity also leads to hypertension, sleep apnea, diabetes, asthma, and many other serious problems. Physical education classes can help to reduce the chances for those problems, but there are other steps to take. Exercise is important, but diet is also a major factor in health. Eating healthy foods and exercising will make students be much healthier. In conclusion, all schools should make it mandatory for students to have physical education classes every year. Our society is becoming unhealthier every year because of students lack of exercise. They need to be educated in physical fitness. They can achieve this by participating in physical education classes, learning how to warm up, stretch, and exercise. Obesity is growing in our population every year. Everyone should participate in physical education classes to learn about, and prevent obesity. If we continue with the lack of physical education in schools, we will continue to contribute to the poor health of students.

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Impacts of Training Programs in Enhancing Employees Engagement - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1099 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Research Report This report highlights the impacts of training programs in enhancing employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ engagement in a new workplace. The impact of training effectiveness on new employees engagement in a new workplace Contents Summary: Restatement of the Problem: Main Focus of the Project: Data analysis: Major Findings: Recommendations suggestions: Conclusion: . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impacts of Training Programs in Enhancing Employees Engagement" essay for you Create order Summary: Restatement of the Problem: Basically, this study is conducted to analyze the impact on employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ training program on new employees of Abu Dhabi Government Contact Centre (Al Ain Branch). For this purpose, the population size was ninety five newly hired employees. However, sample size was equal to eighty one employees. This is because of two main reasons. Firstly, few employees were on their annual leaves. Secondly, few were reluctant to participate in this activity because they were afraid that their benefits will be deducted in case if they participated in such activities. Therefore, fourteen employees could not take part in this. Main Focus of the Project: The main focus of this project study was to find relationship between there major factors influencing the impacts of such training program. These three major factors are; firstly, the impact of training effectiveness on employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ engagement. It implies that if effectiveness of the employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ training program is linked with employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ engagement with the company. The second major factor is that the impact of training effectiveness on the employees background. It means that if there is any impact of employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ background like skills, experience, and education etch in effectiveness of training program. The third factor is that the impact of employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ back ground and employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ engagement. It entails the link between engagement and background of employees in effectiveness of such programs. Data analysis: The data is collected through to main sources which are through questionnaire and through search engine. The former is source is considered as the primary source of data collection and the latter is considered as the secondary source of data collection. The data collected is analyzed and processed through using statistical techniques. These statistical techniques involved regression analysis, ANOVA test hypothesis and coefficient analysis. In addition to this, the processed information is shown on various types of graphs. These graphs are; histogram, P-P plot. At the end, the correction among three above mentioned major factors is being find. The data analyzed is mainly related to five aspects. Firstly, it is linked with gender of the employees. There are thirteen females, sixty one males and seven are missing out of total of eighty one employees. Therefore, it can be stated that there are a larger ratio of males than that of females. The ratio is like 82.4% is males and remaining 17.6% are females. The second aspect on which the data analyzed is age bracket of the employees. The first age bracket is between 18-25 years of age and there are 24 employees in this bracket. Moreover, the second age bracket is between 26-30 years of age and there are 31 employees in this bracket. Furthermore, the third age bracket is between 31-35 years of age and there are 19 employees in this bracket. Lastly, the fourth age bracket is of employees having more than 35 years of age. That is why, it can be stated that the employees of the company are of young age mainly. The third aspect of data analyzed is level of education of the employees. The higher level of education is high school degree and 16 employees have this degree. The other degree was of diploma and 15 employees have this degree. The third degree is higher diploma and six employees have this degree. The fourth degree is bachelors and 42 employees have this degree. Only 2 employees do not have any professional degree or they have not showed it intentionally. However, it can be stated that after observing above mentioned data that the most of the newly hired employees are well educated and have professional degrees too. The fourth aspect is about the job title in the company. There are 3 TLs, 22 COs, 52 CSRs and remaining 5 did not mention their job title on the questionnaire. The fifth and last aspects of the data analyzed are previous job experience in terms of years. There are 33 newly hired employees who do not have any previous job experience. In addition to this, there are 28 employees having previous job experience between one to three years. Furthermore, nine employees have job experience of three to six years and employees having job experience of above seven years are eight. Therefore, it can be stated that the newly hired employees are a mixture of both experienced and fresh employees. In a nut shell, these are the aspects of data analyzed to conclude the desired results. Major Findings: The statistical techniques such as regression analysis, ANOVA hypothesis tests and coefficient analysis are applied on the collected data to get desired finding. The major findings of this detailed exercise are that the correlation between training effectiveness and employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ background as per Pearsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s correlation is 0.341. It means that the relation between to factor is positive in such a way that one supports other to enhance its effectiveness and vice versa. Moreover, the correlation between employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ training effectiveness and employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ background as per Pearsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s correlation is 0.480. It entails that both has direct relation in such a way that one supports other in same direction. Furthermore, the correlation between employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ engagement and employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ background as per Pearsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s correlation function is 0.426. It describes that the factor employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ background and employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ engagement is positively linked and supporting in enhancing usefulness of training program to enhance the capabilities and abilities of newly hired employees. Recommendations suggestions: There are few suggestions to enhance the reliability and effectiveness of this project. These recommendations are: It will be more beneficial if data is being collected by conducting interviews with the randomly selected employees besides questionnaire and modern search engines. The involvement of employers would also improve the undertaking to the study. In addition to find correlation between two factors it would be more beneficial if the multiple correlations of all three factors are being obtained. Conclusion: The data for this project study is being collected through two various methods. This data is further processed through various statistical techniques. In addition to this, after processing the data the analysis has been done on this data. Through this data the correlation between employees training effectiveness, employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ background and employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ engagement is also find. Thereafter, the recommendation and suggestion to further improve the usefulness of this project has been given. In a nut shell, it was quite a convenient way to study the effective of training program in enhancing newly hired employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ capabilities and abilities.